

The process of ATP synthesis begins with glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Pyruvate is then transported into the mitochondria, where it undergoes further oxidation in a series of reactions collectively known as the citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle. During this cycle, high-energy electron carriers are generated, which are then used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP. The energy released during this process is coupled with the conversion of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP.
Another important trend is the rise of customization and flexibility in production processes. The pharmaceutical sector is rapidly evolving, with a growing demand for personalized medicine. As a result, intermediates manufacturers must adapt to changing demands, offering tailored solutions to their clients. This need for customization has spurred investment in advanced manufacturing technologies, such as continuous flow synthesis and automation, which allow for greater efficiency and adaptability in production.