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    1. Preparation Park the excavator on a flat surface and ensure it is turned off and secure. Use chalk or wedges to block the tracks to prevent movement.


    Porcelain spark plugs also offer good electrical insulation properties. This is important for ensuring that the spark plug can generate and deliver a strong spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture
    porcelain
    porcelain spark plug. The ceramic material used in porcelain spark plugs provides excellent insulation, preventing the electrical current from leaking out and ensuring a consistent spark every time.

    Operating temperatures for engine oil seals (see Fig. 14.11 and cross-section of lip seal with garter spring in Fig. 14.22) vary widely, depending on engine design and location within the engine. Typically, the rear crankshaft seal is subjected to much higher temperatures than the front seal. Oil sump temperatures vary considerably, depending on provisions for oil cooling. This allows use of hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), silicone, or acrylic elastomers for some seals in relatively low-temperature environments (120–140°C or 250–284°F). Standard fluoroelastomers (FKM), bisphenol-cured VDF/HFP/TFE terpolymers with 68–69% fluorine content, perform well in oil service up to about 160°C (320°F). More resistant fluoroelastomers are necessary for reliable long-term performance in more severe environments.