1. Automotive Industry In vehicles, this oil seal is often used in engine components, such as crankshaft and camshaft seals. It helps to maintain proper lubrication within the engine, preventing oil leaks that could lead to overheating or engine failure.
This feature not only prolongs the lifespan of the seal but also minimizes maintenance requirements, resulting in cost savings for businesses This feature not only prolongs the lifespan of the seal but also minimizes maintenance requirements, resulting in cost savings for businessesdouble lip oil seal.
Unfortunately, we studied that all of the above methods are employed after machining or forming, and they require a long process chain and costly production types of equipment [21–24]. Therefore, we proposed a titanium alloy implant preparation process that integrated with cutting and surface modification. The oxygen-rich atmosphere increases the partial pressure of oxygen in the oxidizing environment, and the heat generated during the cutting process increases the temperature and the rate of the oxidation. It uses the cutting heat and oxygen-rich atmosphere generated during the cutting process to form the oxide film (TiO2) to improve the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy. The experimental equipment is shown in Figure 2. Since the cutting temperature is the most important factor in the oxide film formation process, this paper carried out researches based on theoretical analysis and experimental investigation to acquire an ideal temperature range for the cutting process to achieve the oxide layer.
