Disinfection is another critical stage in the water treatment process. While physical and chemical methods effectively remove many contaminants, some pathogens may still remain. To eliminate these potentially harmful bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, disinfection methods such as chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) light treatment, or ozone treatment are employed. Chlorination, which has been used for decades, is particularly effective in killing microorganisms. However, the formation of harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) can be a concern, leading to increased interest in alternative methods such as UV treatment.
