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During the fermentation phase, the medium is aerated to promote bacterial growth, and nutrients are added to enhance the fermentation efficiency. This process can take several days, during which the bacteria rapidly multiply and convert a significant portion of the sugars into glutamic acid.
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The transformation of acetic acid to formic acid can involve several chemical processes, one of the most typical being the oxidative decarboxylation of acetic acid. In this reaction, acetic acid undergoes oxidation, where the carbon atom in the carboxyl group loses carbon dioxide (CO₂) upon reacting with oxidizing agents. Subsequently, the remaining structure stabilizes into formic acid. Research has indicated that using catalysts, such as metal oxides, can facilitate this transformation, making it more efficient and commercially viable.
acetic acid to formic acid
