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The degree of substitution (DS) refers to the average number of hydroxyethyl groups substituting the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose. It is a crucial factor that determines the properties of HEC, such as its solubility, thickening power, and rheology. Manufacturers carefully control the conditions of the etherification process to achieve the desired DS, which can range from 0.1 to 2.5. Precise control during this stage ensures consistent performance of the HEC in various applications.
hydroxyethyl cellulose manufacturing process
