Direct food additives are substances that are intentionally added to food for specific purposes. These additives are meant to modify the food's characteristics or improve its quality. Common examples include preservatives, flavor enhancers, colorants, and emulsifiers. Preservatives, such as sodium benzoate, are used to prolong shelf life by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and mold. Flavor enhancers like monosodium glutamate (MSG) boost the overall taste of food, making it more appealing to consumers.